The University of Kentucky has developed several research strengths, particularly in therapeutic areas that have high prevalence in Kentucky.  These strengths include research into cancer, substance abuse, neurological diseases and cardiovascular sciences. University of Kentucky is part of an elite group of medical centers across the country who have earned the "trifecta" of national federal funding.

Researchers at UK have discovered a new cellular mechanism that may better explain what causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.  ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that involves the death of motor neurons, leading to the muscle weakness and atrophy.